When we usually buy sofas, clothes, and bedding, we often look at whether the pattern is good-looking and whether the style is good-looking. We also subconsciously equate style with price. However, these products are essentially fabric products.
There are many types of fabrics. Everyone knows about cotton and wool, but just knowing these two is not enough~
a Plant fibers: cotton, linen
Cotton (more people come into contact with it, so I will talk about it in more detail here):
It’s the same cotton, but the difference is huge.
① First of all, we start classifying cotton into (ordinary) fine-staple cotton and long-staple cotton. On this basis, there will also be levels.
In the past, there was coarse-staple cotton, but now it has been eliminated.
The quality of cotton mainly depends on the length of the cotton fiber. The longer and thinner it is, the better cotton is. The fabric made has good air permeability and good luster. It can be made very thin, not easy to break, and has a good skin feel. Fabrics made of cotton with short fibers will become hard after repeated washing.
The fiber length of fine velvet cotton is generally 23-33mm. It currently accounts for 85% of global cotton production and is the most important cultivated cotton species in my country.
The fiber length of long-staple cotton is generally 33-45mm, and longer staples are also available. Therefore, long-staple cotton will also be subdivided into medium-long-staple cotton and extra-long-staple cotton.
Cotton named according to its place of origin, such as Egyptian cotton and Xinjiang cotton, is long-staple cotton. The fiber length of GIZA45 cotton, which accounts for 0.4% of Egyptian cotton production, can even reach 60-70mm. The price of the made bedding is very high, and it is not the 40-count twill sanding of a domestic home textile brand that dominates the world. It costs two to three hundred. That’s a false high of three or four thousand.
In addition, the popular Pima cotton (accounting for only 3% of global cotton production) is also a kind of extra long-staple cotton. Of course, it will also be subdivided into grades. For example, Supima® is the title of the top Pima cotton.
② Secondly, the classification begins again when cotton silk is made, first-class combed, second-class combed, first-class carded, second-class carded…
Combed cotton: moved by combing machine Removes shorter fibers from cotton fibers, leaving longer and neat fibers. The yarn spun from combed cotton is of better quality, and the fabrics produced have higher quality levels in terms of texture, washability and durability.
For example, cotton socks, if you want them to be pill-free and lint-free, you must choose combed cotton.
According to the textile technology, it can be divided into knitted cotton and woven cotton.
Knitted cotton is very skin-friendly and is especially suitable for baby bedding. It is also a great tool for sleeping naked. Of course, it also has disadvantages. Because there are no warp and weft threads, it is easy to knot and pill, and it can cause holes in the fabric.
Woven cotton is divided into plain weave, twill weave and satin. Generally speaking, the fabric structure is stable, the elasticity is small, the cloth surface is flat, solid and durable, the appearance is crisp, and it is loose but not close to the body.
The yarns in the plain weave process (plain weave) are criss-crossed with large gaps in the middle, so the breathability is also very good. Plain weaving generally uses 21-count or 32-count yarns. Low-count yarns feel rough to the touch. The ones with a stronger roughness are what we often call old coarse cloth, and the ones with a weaker roughness are washed cotton. There is no need to worry about pilling with the plain weave, and there will be slight wrinkles after washing.
The warp and weft yarns of the satin weave are interlaced up and down less frequently, and the weft yarns continuously float on several warp yarns, so the surface of the fabric is smooth and even, with high gloss.
Compared with plain weave and satin, twill weave has average experience.
Fabric is woven from yarn, and the “number of threads” refers to the count (S) and number (T) of the woven fabric.
The count represents the thickness of the yarn. The higher the count, the thinner the yarn and the smoother and more comfortable the fabric will be.
The common counts when buying bedding products are 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100. Most of the yarns on the market are mid-range yarns with a count of 30-40. Generally, yarns with a count of 60 or above are high-end yarns. Wire.
The number of threads represents the density of the yarn. The higher the number of threads, the more yarns there are, the higher the density, and the tighter the fabric will be.
On the market, there are usually fabrics with less than 200 threads, and fabrics with more than 300 threads are high-end fabrics.
Generally speaking, the higher the count and number of threads, the higher the cost. High-count cotton with a count of more than 80 is close to the texture of silk
Line: suitable for summer, breathable, not wrinkle-resistant, easy to fade, easy to Mildew
bAnimal fibers: silk, wool, rabbit hair
Ordinary silk (i.e. silk): easy to shrink, not acid-resistant, sun-resistant, delicate luxury goods (the weight of silk, i.e. Mumi, is mm means, generally 12mm or more can be called heavy silk)
Wool (velvet):
Prone to insects.
If it exceeds 95%, it can be called pure X hair.
Secondly, there is a big difference between wool and cashmere, and the price gap is also very big: Cashmere is a thin layer of fine velvet that grows on goats and covers the roots of coarse hair. It is very rare.
Wool grows on sheep; the warmth of cashmere is 8 times that of wool, and the weight of the same volume is one-fifth that of wool. The worsted cashmere coat is not heavy at all, it is thin and warm.
The quality of cashmere wool fabrics is calculated by the count, that is, the fiber fineness (if it is not pure wool, don’t talk about the count). If the wool exceeds 100 counts, it will be close to cashmere.
Cashmere that you dare not wash with water is not good cashmere. Good cashmere (wool) fabric must be original and light in color.
Cashmere yarn: 24s/2 (meaning 24 double strands), 26s/2, and 28s/2 are woolen yarns, and higher yarns are called worsted yarns, such as 48s/2 and 68s/3.
A cashmere sweater with 7 and 9 stitches is thick, and 18 stitches is suitable for summer wear.��.
Rabbit hair: leave it aside
c Mineral fiber: asbestos
Industrial supplies and construction supplies, I will not introduce them in detail.
It has been included in the list of Class I carcinogens, and global consumption is declining year by year.
d Regenerated fiber: viscose, acetate, Tencel, Modal, etc.
The grade of regenerated fiber (artificial cotton) is basically divided by the warmth index CLO. The higher the warmth index, the higher the grade, and the CLO is as high as 0.92 , more than 550 puffs of down.
Viscose fiber (viscose fiber):
It is made from natural cellulose through a series of reactions to produce a viscous solution, which is then wet-spun and processed through a series of processes.
The chemical composition of viscose fiber is similar to that of cotton, but the physical structure is different. Currently it is widely used in various underwear, textile, clothing, non-woven and other fields.
Viscose has excellent hygroscopicity and is easy to dye, but its modulus (resistance to deformation) and strength are low, especially when wet.
Modal: It is also viscose fiber with improved technology. It is also more excellent in performance, with high strength and good moisture absorption properties.
Tencel (Lyocell): It is also viscose fiber with improved technology. In terms of performance, it has better mechanical properties than ordinary viscose fibers.
Ice silk: Made of interwoven viscose fiber and polyester fiber.
Good moisture absorption and breathability make it possible to quickly wick away sweat on hot nights, keeping you cool and comfortable while sleeping.
The disadvantage is that it is easy to loosen and harden. Try not to wash it with water. Please refer to the washing label for details.
Bamboo fiber: anti-bacterial, anti-mite, anti-odor. But easy to damage
e Synthetic fibers: nylon, polyester, acrylic, Lycra
Nylon (nylon): increase wear resistance and burst resistance;
Polyester (polyester fiber): warm, Quick-drying or no-iron (fleece is basically polyester, so pay attention to whether it has been treated with anti-static and anti-pilling treatments); the cotton-padded jackets worn in winter are filled with polyester fiber instead of cotton.
Polypropylene: its main function is to reduce weight;
Acrylic: commonly known as artificial wool, has good elasticity and light resistance. Compared with wool, it has poor hygroscopicity.
Spandex: Increase elasticity
Lycra: Actually it is spandex, but it is DuPont’s spandex
