Summary of important theoretical test points for junior fire protection facility operators
Junior fire protection facility operation Summary of important theoretical test points for operators
Chapter 1: Overview of fire protection work
1. Class A fires such as wood, cotton, wool, linen, paper, etc.
2. Class B fires such as gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, methanol, ethanol, asphalt, paraffin fires, etc.
3. Class C fires such as gas, natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, hydrogen fires, etc.
4. Class D fires such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, lithium, aluminum-magnesium alloy fires, etc.
5. Class E fires refer to live fires
6. Class F fire refers to the fire of cooking materials (such as animal and vegetable fats) in cooking utensils
7. Extraordinarily serious fires refer to fires that cause more than 30 deaths, or serious injuries to more than 100 people, or direct property losses of more than 100 million yuan.
8. Major fires refer to fires that cause death to 10 to 30 people, serious injuries to 50 to 100 people, or direct property losses of 50 million yuan to 100 million yuan.
9. A major fire refers to a fire that causes death of 3 to 10 people, serious injuries to 10 to 50 people, or direct property loss of 10 million yuan to 50 million yuan.
A general fire refers to a fire that causes less than 3 deaths, or serious injuries to less than 10 people, or direct property losses of less than 10 million yuan.
10. Firefighting work implements the policy of “prevention first, combining prevention with firefighting”.
11. The principles of fire protection work established in the “Fire Protection Law” are: unified leadership of the government, supervision by departments in accordance with the law, overall responsibility of the unit, and active participation of citizens.
12. The State Council leads the fire protection work nationwide, and local people’s governments at all levels are responsible for the fire protection work in their respective administrative regions.
13. The main person in charge of the unit is the person responsible for fire safety of the unit.
14. All adults have the obligation to participate in organized fire-fighting work
Chapter 2 Basic knowledge of combustion
1. Substances that can be oxidized are not necessarily substances that can burn.
2. Necessary conditions for combustion: combustibles, combustion-supporting substances (also called oxidants) and ignition sources
3. Air contains about 21% oxygen
4. The lower the flash point, the greater the fire risk; conversely, the smaller the risk.
5. Fire: When a combustible substance comes into contact with a fire source in the air and reaches a certain temperature, it begins to burn with a flame, and can continue and expand after the fire source is removed.
6. Use water to cool the fire. The principle is to reduce the temperature of the burning material below the ignition point.
7. Explosion management: steam boilers, liquefied gas cylinders, etc.
8. Chemical explosion: Explosion caused by a mixture of flammable gas, steam or dust and air encountering a fire source, explosion of explosives, etc.
9. The larger the range between the upper and lower explosion limits, the lower the lower explosion limit and the higher the upper explosion limit, the greater the explosion risk.
10. Surface combustion: Flameless combustion occurs in a hot state. Such as the burning of charcoal, coke, iron, copper, etc.
11. Boil-over combustion: heavy oil containing water (such as heavy oil, crude oil)
12. Diffusion combustion: The combustible gas is ejected from the nozzle (pipe opening or container leakage port), and diffuses, mixes, and burns with oxygen in the air at the nozzle.
13. Complete combustion products, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.;
14. Products of incomplete combustion, such as carbon monoxide
15. The color of the flame depends on the chemical composition of the burning material and the supply intensity of the oxidant.
16. The higher the combustion temperature, the closer the flame will be to blue-white.
17. Thermal radiation refers to the phenomenon of transferring heat in the form of electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium
18. According to the basic theory of combustion, the purpose of fire prevention can be achieved as long as the formation of combustion conditions is prevented, or the simultaneous existence and interaction of combustion conditions are avoided.
19. According to the basic theory of combustion, as long as the established combustion conditions are destroyed, the combustion can be extinguished and the fire hazard can be minimized (read the two tables on pages 25 and 26 of the book and take the exam)
Chapter 3: Hazardous chemicals
1. Substances prone to spontaneous combustion: yellow phosphorus, titanium trichloride, etc.
2. Oxidizing substances: ammonium chlorate, potassium permanganate, etc.
3. Toxic substances: various cyanides, arsenic compounds, chemical pesticides, etc.
4. Corrosive items refer to items that cause serious damage through chemical action.
5. Flammable gas refers to gases that are in the flammable range with air at 20°C and 101.3kPa standard pressure.
6. Self-igniting liquids (solids) refer to liquids (solids) that can ignite within 5 minutes after contact with air even in small quantities.
7. Oxidizing liquids (solids) refer to liquids (solids) that may not burn themselves, but may cause or promote the burning of other substances due to the release of oxygen.Key units should conduct daily fire prevention inspections
12. Fire prevention inspections of public gathering places during business hours should be conducted at least every 2 hours.
Agencies, groups, and public institutions shall conduct fire prevention inspections at least once every quarter, and other units shall conduct fire prevention inspections at least once a month.
13. Determination of fire hazards: Remember the two with the suffix “cannot be corrected immediately”.
14. When dialing the fire alarm number “119”, you must clearly state the following: 1. The details of the unit or individual where the fire occurred 2. Fire Overview 3. Basic information about the person who called the police.
15. If a fire breaks out in a crowded place, the on-site staff of the place should immediately organize and guide the evacuation of the people present.
16. When fighting an initial fire, we must adhere to the guiding ideology of “rescuing people first” and follow the principles of control first and then elimination, and first focus before the general.
