Popular Science | How much do you know about composite fibers?

Composite fiber is also called multi-component fiber and conjugate fiber , combined fibers and heterogeneous fibers. It is a chemical fiber made of two or more polymers and the same polymer with different molecular weights and different properties through composite spinning.

Composite fibers are divided into two categories: bicomponent fibers and multicomponent fibers according to the number of components. , currently developed mainly bicomponent fibers. Bicomponent fibers can be further divided into four types according to the positional relationship between the two components in the fiber: parallel type, skin-core type, island type and peeling type.

The most important feature of side-by-side composite fibers is their ability to produce wool-like, three-dimensional, permanent Self-curling. This three-dimensional curl has excellent curl elasticity and cohesion properties. The products made from it have the characteristics of fluffy appearance, soft and plump feel, good elasticity and resilience, and strong warmth retention. In non-woven fabrics, it can be used to process batting, padding, carpet substrates, etc.

Sheath-core composite fiber takes advantage of the difference in properties of the two components to produce a shrinkage difference after stretching and heat treatment, causing the fiber to produce permanent three-dimensional self-contained fibers. curly. It can also be made into fibers for special purposes, such as conductive, high-quality cords, thermal bonding, three-dimensional self-curling fibers, etc.

Sea-island composite fiber can use solvent to dissolve the “sea” component to obtain ultrafine fiber; if the “island” component is dissolved , porous hollow fibers can be obtained. Products made of this fiber have soft hand feel, high cleanliness, good breathability and moisture permeability, and strong water absorption. They can be used to process warm fleece fillings and bonded non-woven fabrics.

In 1970, Japan’s Toray launched artificial suede fabrics made of sea-island fibers, marking the beginning of the industrialization of sea-island composite microfibers. Subsequently, Japanese companies such as Teijin and Kuraray, as well as European countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, also successively developed island microfibers. In the second half of 2002, imitation suede and imitation peach skin fabrics became popular around the world, with a large number of suede orders pouring in. With the high added value and high profit of island fiber itself, there is also a wave of island fiber craze in China. Sea island fiber is mainly used in the production of imitation suede fabrics, ultra-fine leather, clothing market, shoe market, and high-end decorative fabrics ( Such as leather furniture, car seat covers), various types of bags, and can also be used as high-grade wipers and leather base cloths

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