Main drive motor
As the speed of the loom continues to increase, the starting and braking performance of the main drive must also be improved accordingly. In order to achieve the purpose of quick start and timely braking. The main drive of the loom has two different types: direct and indirect, so the selected main motor also has a main motor type suitable for the two drives. 1. Direct start of the loom using direct transmission. The motor directly transmits power to the main shaft through the pulley. There is no clutch installed in the transmission chain from the motor to the main shaft. Its structure is relatively simple. When the loom is stopped in any way, the motor will Then it stops rotating to avoid idling of the motor. The hosts that adopt this transmission method are mainly jet looms: such as the ZA series air-jet looms of Xianyang Textile Machinery, the GA series air-jet looms of China Textile Machinery, and the GD series water-jet looms of Shenyang Textile Machinery. The characteristics of this type of motor are: the electrical performance of the motor is designed with a unique high starting design. The starting torque of a general motor is 2.2 times the rated torque, and the maximum torque is 2.3 times the rated torque, while this type of motor generally reaches about 4 times. The motor coils have 6 outlet terminals, and the Δ-Y starting method is adopted in the control circuit, so that the starting torque of the motor can reach 12 to 14 times; the maximum torque of the motor generally reaches 3 to 4 times, so Only in this way can the main motor have greater impact resistance to ensure the weaving process requirements of the loom. In order to ensure the transmission of high torque through the belt and prevent belt slippage, the belt tension of the loom is generally adjusted to a large value, which causes the front bearing of the main motor to generate a large radial load, so the main motor of this type The front bearings all use short cylindrical roller bearings, and the shaft extension generally adopts a taper fit. The looms are braked by electromagnetic brakes. Depending on the design of the main engine, the main motor can be divided into a high starting torque motor and a high starting torque brake motor (the rear end of the motor is equipped with a brake). The brake of the former loom is designed on the main drive shaft of the main machine, and the main motor is not equipped with an electromagnetic brake. For example, the FQ series motor equipped with the ZA series air-jet loom of Xianyang Textile Machinery has a large installation space for the brake on the main machine, and its overall dimensions can be It is made larger, and the matching transmission shaft has higher strength, which better solves the problem of damage to the main engine due to braking problems. For high starting torque brake motors such as the FQEJ series main motors used in China Textile Machinery’s GA series air-jet looms, due to the limitation of the motor’s shape, the electromagnetic brake equipped with the motor is small in size, and the matching shaft is not strong enough. High, it needs to be adjusted well to avoid failure of the main motor brake. 2. Indirect transmission Most rapier looms adopt indirect transmission. A clutch brake is installed in the transmission chain from the motor to the main shaft. See the figure on the next page for a schematic diagram of the working principle of the transmission. The main motor 1 drives the driven pulley 3 through the main pulley 2, so that the input shaft 4 and the clutch moving iron 5 rotate together. The friction plate 6 and the output shaft 7 are connected by a feather key and can slide freely along the axial direction. When starting, after the motor starts first, the electromagnetic clutch coil 8 is energized and forms a closed magnetic circuit with the moving iron, which attracts the friction plate to the moving iron. The friction force between the two is used to make the output shaft follow the input shaft under the driving of the main motor. Rotate, thereby causing the main shaft of the loom to rotate. When the parking signal is sent, the electromagnetic coil is powered off and the friction plate is released. At the same time, the braking electromagnetic coil 9 fixed on the frame is energized, firmly attracting the friction plate and quickly stopping the rotation, so that the output shaft and the main shaft of the loom follow. of braking. At this time, the input shaft is still rotating under the drive of the motor. Once the start signal is sent again, the loom can start quickly in a short time.
Using indirect start transmission, the transmission mechanism is more complicated than direct start transmission, the life of the friction plate is also shorter, and when the loom stops working, the motor is still idling. This type of transmission is widely used in high-performance rapier looms, mainly because of its rapid start-up characteristics. In terms of the design of the electrical performance of the main motor, due to the indirect start, there is no problem in starting the loom. However, in order to prevent the system from rotating due to the impact of the clutch and the impact of the loom, the design of the main motor generally requires a larger motor. Torque multiples to ensure the requirements of the weaving process for the host drive. 3. Direct drive main motor The Belgian Picanol company launched the SUMO main motor in 1999, which was matched with the company’s Gamma rapier loom, and later in 2000, it was matched with the company’s Ommiplus air-jet loom. It was first promoted in the European market and launched into the Chinese market more than a year later. The SUMO main motor is essentially a specially designed switched reluctance motor speed control system, including a switched reluctance motor and a switched reluctance controller. The motor directly drives the loom through the gear mechanism, and the loom is started and stopped by the start and stop of the motor. Its advantages are: (1) It eliminates the need for parts such as transmission belts, clutches, and brake discs, simplifying the structure of the loom and reducing point of failure. (2) The mechanical loss of the transmission system is reduced. Compared with traditional looms using clutches and brake discs, it can save about 10% of electricity. (3) The speed of the loom can be continuously adjusted by changes in the motor speed, and can be accurately set by microcomputer or electronic means or automatically adjusted according to the program to improve the production efficiency of the loom and enhance its adaptability to new varieties. (4) Since driving and parking parameters can be controlled, driving marks are easily avoided. (5) Automatic weft search and slow motion are also completed by the same motor. The automatic weft search becomes faster and can��Greatly reduce the time for repairing broken warp and weft breaks. Picanol has patented the main motor and its related loom mechanical transmission structure. Other European loom manufacturers have also designed and applied different main motor solutions, such as reluctance synchronous motors or AC variable frequency speed regulation solutions. Among them, the DD motor launched by PANTER adopts a reluctance synchronous motor and realizes a direct drive solution. These plans have different characteristics in terms of technical indicators. Beijing China Textile Ruili Electrical and Mechanical Co., Ltd. (formerly known as China Textile Mechanical and Electrical Research Institute) has been engaged in the research and development of switched reluctance motors for many years. The dedicated direct drive main motor for rapier looms adopts the principle of the switched reluctance motor speed regulation system. The technical level is basically the same as that of SUMO main motor. Its main performance indicators are: Rated power: 6kW. Rated speed: 1800r/min. Starting/braking torque overload multiple: 9. Speed adjustment range: 0~2100r/min. Response time: 0.1s. This main motor is being studied and applied to other new domestic rapier looms, and its high speed can reach 600~700r/min. The mechanical transmission structure of this machine adopts a completely different technical solution from Picanol Company, has independent intellectual property rights, and has applied for a patent. 4. Motor maintenance and upkeep General maintenance during normal operation of the motor includes: (1) Monitoring the temperature rise of each part of the motor not to exceed the allowable limit; (2) Monitoring the current not to exceed the specified rating; (3) Monitoring the power supply The voltage should not exceed the specified range; (4) Pay attention to the smell, vibration and noise of the motor; (5) Frequently check the bearing heating and oil leakage, and replace the grease regularly; (6) Always keep the motor clean to prevent damage to the motor Ventilation and heat dissipation problems may cause the motor temperature to rise too high and cause burnout.
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