Judgment of outdoor sportswear fabric quality
Although there are many types of outdoor leisure, professional outdoor leisure workwear such as assault suits are mainly aimed at mountaineering, skiing and other high-cold leisure activities. In addition to the requirements for the physical fitness and skills of the participants, outdoor leisure also requires outdoor work clothes that can adapt to harsh climates and complex geographical environments to ensure the personal safety of leisure participants. Although there is no essential difference between outdoor casual work wear and home work wear, due to the two characteristics of outdoor and leisure, the requirements for work wear are relatively strict and demanding: outdoor leisure generates a lot of heat and sweat evaporates a lot, so work wear is required to dissipate heat. It is inevitable to encounter wind, rain, snow and fog in the field with good breathability. Work clothes must have certain water-repellent properties. For outdoor leisure, it is expected to reduce the load as much as possible. Work clothes must be light and lightweight in the wild. It is windy and cold in the mountains, and the wind resistance and warmth performance are required for outdoor cleaning. Conditions are limited, and work clothes have high requirements for antibacterial, anti-odor and anti-contamination properties. For field work, rock climbing and forest walking, work clothes require good stretch resistance and tear resistance… These performance requirements are particularly demanding from the perspective of fabric technology, and many indicators even conflict with each other. No single natural or chemical fiber can meet these requirements. These functions can only be achieved through the lamination of multiple fibers and multiple chemical finishing methods. 1. Warmth retention: Although warmth retention is closely related to fabric thickness, outdoor leisure workwear does not allow workwear to be too heavy. Therefore, it must be both warm and light to meet the special requirements of outdoor leisure workwear. A common method is to add special ceramic powders such as chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide into the spinning solution of polyester and other synthetic fibers, especially nano-scale fine ceramic powders, which can absorb visible components such as the sun and convert them into Thermal energy can also reflect the far-infrared rays emitted by the human body itself, so it has excellent heat preservation and heat storage properties. Of course, far-infrared ceramic powder, adhesive and cross-linking agent can also be formulated as a finishing agent, and the woven fabric can be treated with PU coating, and then dried and baked to make the nano-ceramic powder adhere to the surface of the fabric and Between spinning yarns. This finishing agent emits far-infrared rays with a wavelength of 8 to 14 μm, and also has health-care functions such as antibacterial, deodorizing, and promoting blood circulation. In addition, based on the principle of bionics and referring to the structure of polar bear hair, the polyester fiber is made porous and hollow inside, so that the fiber contains a large amount of stagnant air, and the outside is spirally curled to maintain looseness, all of which can ensure a light texture. It has a good thermal insulation effect. Of course, making clothing and even fabrics into double or even triple layers to increase the stagnant air layer is also one of the traditional measures to keep warm. 2. Water-blocking and breathable: Leisure will emit a lot of sweat, and wind and rain are inevitable outdoors. This is a contradiction in itself: it must be able to prevent rain and snow from being soaked, and it must be able to discharge the sweat emitted by the body in a timely manner. Fortunately, the human body emits water vapor in a single molecule state, while rain and snow are liquid water droplets in an aggregated state. Their volumes are very different. In addition, liquid water has a characteristic called surface tension, which is the characteristic of gathering its own volume. The water we see on the lotus leaf is in the form of granular water drops rather than flat water stains. This is Because there is a layer of waxy hair tissue on the surface of the lotus leaf, water droplets cannot spread and penetrate on this layer of waxy hairs due to surface tension. If you dissolve a drop of detergent or washing powder into water beads, the water beads will immediately disintegrate and spread out on the lotus leaf because the detergent can greatly reduce the surface tension of the liquid. Water-blocking and breathable workwear takes advantage of the surface tension properties of water and coats the fabric with a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (which has the same chemical composition and physical structure as polytetrafluoroethylene, the “king of corrosion-resistant fibers”). Different) chemical PU coating that enhances the surface tension of the fabric, so that the water beads can be completely tightened without being able to spread out, infiltrating the fabric surface, and thus unable to penetrate the pores in the fabric tissue. At the same time, this PU coating is porous, and single-molecule water vapor can smoothly penetrate the capillary channels between fibers and emit to the surface of the fabric. If you stop to rest in the wild after a large amount of leisure, it is possible that water droplets will form on the inner layer of the clothing due to the low outside temperature and the inability of sweat to escape in time, making people feel very uncomfortable. This is the so-called “Condensation” phenomenon. There is a very breathable finishing process called “low condensation”. It uses polyurethane (PU) and hydrophilic nano-ceramic powder to perform PU coating finishing on the fabric. When the body evaporates a large amount of sweat, It can absorb excess sweat vapor, thus preventing the water vapor inside the clothing from exceeding the saturated vapor pressure and converting into water droplets. In addition to finding ways to use fibers and PU coatings, the fabric structure can also fully absorb moisture and sweat. For example, a double-layer tissue structure is adopted. The inner layer of the skin-fitting layer is made of hydrophobic fibers, while the outer layer is made of hydrophilic fibers. In this way, sweat can be transferred from the skin to the inner fibers by capillary action, and then due to the hydrophilicity of the outer layer The binding force between fibers and water molecules is stronger than the hydrophobic fibers in the inner layer, and the water molecules are transferred from the inner layer of the fabric to the outer layer again, and then dispersed into the atmosphere. 3. Antibacterial and anti-odor properties: Due to the characteristics of leisure, sweat and sebum are��Secreted in large quantities. In outdoor conditions, it is impossible to change clothes frequently. In a suitable temperature and humidity environment, microorganisms reproduce in large numbers, causing people to emit an unpleasant odor and cause itching. Therefore, regular outdoor casual work clothes are finished with antibacterial and deodorizing chemicals. The post-finishing method is generally to fix organic quaternary ammonium type, imidazoline type surfactants or heavy metal ions such as silver and copper with bactericidal effect on the fiber through resin and cross-linking agent, so that it has certain wash resistance. Of course, an important principle when choosing a fungicide must be non-toxic or low toxicity, otherwise it will be a waste of time. In recent years, Japan has done a lot of research on natural antibacterial finishing agents. For example, it uses aromatic oil extracts with bactericidal effects such as aloe vera, mugwort leaves, eucalyptus leaves, roses, etc., and coats them in porous organic microcapsules. Or porous ceramic powder is attached to the fabric, cross-linked and fixed with resin, and the bactericide is slowly released through mechanical effects such as friction and accumulation to achieve the purpose of durable antibacterial finishing. This type of natural bacteriostatic agent is not only non-toxic and harmless, but also has certain health care functions. It should be the development direction of antibacterial finishing. However, because the means of fixing bacteriostatic agents are currently very limited, the washing resistance of bacteriostatic agents is not good enough. The bacteriostatic performance decreases every time it is washed, and usually disappears completely after dozens of times. The American Dow Corning AEGIS antifungal agent uses molecular bonding to evenly distribute eighteen long carbon chains on the surface of the fabric and integrate it with the fabric fibers. It then relies on physical action for sterilization, unlike other products that use chemical action. Sterilize to achieve permanent antibacterial effect. 4. Decontamination and easy decontamination: Outdoor leisure often walks in the muddy and humid mountains and forests, and it is inevitable for clothes to get dirty, which requires that the appearance of work clothes should be perfect. It is not easily stained by stains, but once stained, it must be easy to clean and remove. It changes the surface properties of the fiber and greatly increases the surface tension of the fabric, making it difficult for oil and other stains to penetrate into the interior of the fabric. Slight stains can be removed by wiping with a damp cloth, and heavier stains are also easy to clean. Decontamination finishing can not only prevent oil pollution, but also has the property of blocking water and breathability. It is generally called “three-proof finishing” (water-repellent, oil-repellent, and decontamination). It is a more useful and effective advanced chemical finishing. Finishing methods are commonly used in finishing the outer layers of work clothes and the fabrics of backpacks, shoes, and civilian tents. 5. Anti-static and anti-radiation finishing. Mountaineering is the core content of outdoor leisure. In addition to the original dense forests, the high mountain plateau areas with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters have low air pressure and easy evaporation of water. The environment is generally relatively dry, and outdoor work clothes are basically They are all made of chemical fiber fabrics, so the problem of static electricity is more prominent. The harm of static electricity is generally manifested in that clothing is prone to pilling, easily contaminated with dust and dirt, and has electric shock and sticky sensations close to the skin, etc. If you carry sophisticated electronic instruments such as electronic compasses, altitude meters, GPS navigators, etc., they may be interfered by static electricity from work clothes and cause errors, which will bring serious consequences. Any objects rubbing against each other may generate static electricity, but only dry insulating objects can accumulate static electricity and cause harm. Therefore, good antistatic fabrics are of course made of natural fibers. However, as mentioned above, pure natural fibers are difficult to meet the very requirements of outdoor leisure, and even natural fibers will deteriorate due to lack of water molecules in particularly dry environments. Static electricity occurs. There are two main methods for antistatic finishing of fabrics: one is to simply weave metal wires into the fabric to make a conductive fabric (which is also an electromagnetic wave shielding fabric and a radiation-proof fabric), so that the static electricity generated by friction can be conducted and dissipated to the outside world in a timely manner go. However, this kind of fabric is not suitable for casual work wear, mainly because it is not soft and comfortable enough. Another method is to use hygroscopic antistatic agents such as block polyether and polyacrylate to coat the surface of the fabric with a chemical film that can absorb water molecules, forming a continuous conductive water film on the surface of the fabric. Dissipate static electricity. Due to the relatively thinning of the atmosphere in high-altitude areas, the blocking and filtering effect on ultraviolet rays is greatly reduced, and the intensity of ultraviolet rays is much higher than that in low-altitude areas. Ultraviolet rays can effectively promote the production of vitamins and have a bactericidal effect, but excessive irradiation can cause damage to human skin. The penetrating power of ultraviolet rays is very strong, and ordinary fiber fabrics cannot completely shield it from its irradiation. Combine nano-scale inorganic titanium dioxide (TiO2), nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and other ultraviolet shielding agents and organic salicylic acid, cyanoacrylate, benzophenone, benzotriazole and other ultraviolet absorbing agents, using resin The cross-linking method is fixed on the fabric, which can play a certain role in radiation protection. It can be said that outdoor casual workwear represents the new cutting-edge technology of today’s fabric science. This is also an important reason why a seemingly inconspicuous ski suit or jacket can easily cost hundreds, thousands or even thousands of dollars (of course it does not Resolve factors such as brand value and functional style). The price is really not low, but a set of professional outdoor leisure work clothes that integrate wind resistance, breathability, moisture-proof, warmth, radiation protection and other functions may sometimes have the same meaning as life for a climber. ! However, due to the diversity, complexity and unpredictability of outdoor recreation…�, The functions of work clothes may have many completely different requirements due to different environments and leisure styles. Therefore, in terms of current science and technology, the overall performance of outdoor leisure work clothes is still difficult to be comprehensive and perfect.
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