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Graphene fiber is a new type of carbon fiber that was developed in 2011 and uses natural graphite as the raw material. It is assembled in a one-dimensional and orderly manner from liquid crystal liquid of graphene or functionalized graphene nanosheets through wet spinning. Graphene fiber has good mechanical properties, electrical properties and thermal conductivity, and can be used in conductive fabrics, heat dissipation, energy storage and other fields. Graphene composite fibers with specific functions can also be obtained by introducing other substances into graphene fibers, such as adding polymers to graphene fibers to obtain graphene-like shell fibers with exquisite structures and good mechanical properties; adding magnetic nanoparticles to obtain magnetic graphite graphene composite fiber; adding Ag nanowires to obtain highly conductive graphene composite fiber. The good flexibility of graphene fibers makes them useful in flexible devices such as flexible supercapacitors.

Nanoscale graphene oxide sheets can be spun into macroscopic graphene fibers that are several meters long. The prepared fibers not only have high strength, but also have good toughness and can be tied into knots or woven into conductive mats. Such fibers may be a key material for realizing the application of graphene in real-world devices such as flexible batteries and solar cells.