Nano-super water-repellent finishing based on the “lotus leaf effect” has made some progress. Based on the bionic principle, it deposits a nano-finishing agent similar to the wax on the convex part of the lotus leaf on the surface of fibers and fabrics. NanoSphere, a nanofinishing agent launched by the Swiss Schoeller Company, can give textiles a nanoscale rough surface, making the contact angle with water greater than 150°. Sand washing can also be used to grind the surface of cotton fabric into uneven surfaces to obtain water-repellent properties. When water drops fall on the surface of the finished fabric, they will absorb some small dirt particles and then roll down, thus helping the textile to self-clean.
Nano-Tex, a subsidiary of Burlington Group, has developed hydrocarbon nanowhiskers that are one-thousandth the size of ordinary cotton fibers. In NanoCare waterproof finishing, these nanowhiskers are applied to cotton fabrics for finishing, which can achieve a peach skin (or peach velvet) surface effect without reducing the strength of the cotton fabric. The nanowhiskers distributed on the fabric are separated by a small distance and support the water droplets so that they cannot come into contact with the fabric surface. However, liquids can still penetrate the fabric in the presence of pressure, so the breathability of the fabric is not affected. Similarly, Nano-pel finishing can effectively apply nanotechnology to natural fibers such as cotton, linen, wool, and silk, as well as synthetic fiber materials such as polyester and nylon. Especially when applied to natural fibers, it can obtain higher Durability and water and oil repellency.
New techniques for plasma polymerization can also be used to create super-water-repellent effects. The etching effect of plasma on the fiber surface changes the roughness of the physical surface of the fiber and introduces active chemical groups on the fiber surface. Injecting appropriate finishing agents or finishing agent precursors into the plasma area can generate nanoparticle polymer films, which can make the fabric obtain super water-repellent properties without affecting the softness and wear resistance of the fibers.
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