Introduction
Polyester, Acrylic, nylon, polypropylene, vinylon, and spandex: the six major types of chemical fibers. Here is a brief introduction to their respective characteristics.
1. Polyester: crisp and wrinkle-free
1. Features:
High strength, good impact resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, moth resistance, acid and alkali resistance, very good light resistance (second only to acrylic), 1000 hours of exposure, strong retention of 60-70%, hygroscopicity Very poor, difficult to dye, the fabric is easy to wash and dry quickly, and has good shape retention. It has the characteristics of “wash and wear”.
2. Usage:
Usage of filament: often used as low-elastic yarn to make various Textiles;
Use of short fiber: cotton, wool, linen, etc. can be blended, industrially: tire cord, fishing nets, ropes, filter cloth, insulation Materials etc. It is currently the most widely used chemical fiber.
3. Dyeing:
Generally, disperse dyes are used for dyeing, and high temperature and high pressure are used for dyeing.
2. Nylon: strong and wear-resistant
1. Features:
The biggest advantage of nylon is that it is strong and wear-resistant, and it is an excellent type. The density is small, the fabric is light, the elasticity is good, it is resistant to fatigue damage, the chemical stability is also very good, and it is resistant to alkali but not acid.
The big disadvantage is that the sunlight resistance is not good. The fabric will turn yellow if exposed to the sun for a long time, the strength will decrease, and the moisture absorption is not good, but it is better than acrylic and polyester.
2. Usage:
Filament, mostly used in knitting and silk industry; short fiber, mostly blended with wool or wool-type chemical fiber, Used as gabardine, vanedine, etc. Industrial: cords and fishing nets, also used as carpets, ropes, conveyor belts, screens, etc.
3. Dyeing:
Generally use acid dyes, which can be dyed at normal temperature and pressure.
3. Acrylic: bulky and light-fast
1. Introduction:
Acrylic fiber performs very much like wool, so it is called “synthetic wool”.
Molecular structure: Acrylic fiber is very unique in its internal structure. It has an irregular spiral conformation and does not have a strict crystalline region, but it can be divided into high-order arrangement and low-order arrangement. Because of this structure, acrylic fiber has Very good thermal elasticity (can process bulked yarn), acrylic fiber has low density, smaller than wool, and the fabric has good warmth retention.
2. Features:
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Excellent sunlight resistance and weather resistance (ranked first), poor moisture absorption, and difficult to dye.
Pure acrylic fiber has poor wearability due to its tight internal structure, so its performance is improved by adding a second and third monomer. The second monomer improves elasticity and feel, and the third monomer improves dyeability.
3. Usage:
Mainly used for civilian use, it can be spun purely or blended to make a variety of woolen materials, woolen yarns, blankets, and sportswear; also Can be used: artificial fur, plush, bulked yarn, hose, parasol cloth, etc.
4. Dyeing:
Generally, cationic dyes are used and can be dyed under normal temperature and pressure.
4. Vinyl: water-soluble moisture absorption
1. Features:
The biggest feature of vinylon is its high hygroscopicity, which is the best among synthetic fibers. It is known as “synthetic cotton”. Its strength is worse than nylon and polyester, and it has good chemical stability. It is not resistant to strong acid and alkali. It has sunlight resistance and weather resistance. It is also very good, but it is resistant to dry heat but not wet heat (shrinkage), has poor elasticity, the fabric is easy to wrinkle, the dyeing is poor, and the color is not bright.
2. , Purpose:
Duohe cotton blends: muslin, poplin, corduroy, underwear, canvas, tarpaulin, packaging materials, work clothes, etc.
3. Dyeing:
Direct dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, etc. can all dye vinylon, but the dyeing depth is poor.
5. Polypropylene: light and warm
1. Features:
Polypropylene fiber is the lightest fiber among common chemical fibers. It hardly absorbs moisture, but has good wicking ability and high strength. The fabric made into it has stable dimensions, good wear resistance and elasticity, and good chemical stability. But: Poor thermal stability, not resistant to sunlight, and prone to aging and brittleness
2. Uses:
Can be used to weave socks, mosquito net cloth, quilt batting, thermal padding, diaper wet etc. Industrially: carpets, fishing nets, canvas, water hoses, medical tapes to replace cotton gauze and make sanitary products.
3. Dyeing:
Polypropylene is difficult to color, so it is dyed with disperse dyes after modification.
6. Spandex: elastic fiber
1. Features:
Spandex has good elasticity, poor strength, poor moisture absorption, and good light resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, and wear resistance. Spandex is a highly elastic fiber necessary for high-performance clothing that pursues dynamics and convenience. Spandex can stretch 5-7 times compared to its original shape, so it is comfortable to wear, soft to the touch, wrinkle-free, and can always maintain its original contour.
2. Uses:
Spandex is widely used in underwear due to its characteristics. Women’s underwear, casual wear, sportswear, socks, pantyhose, bandages, etc. mainly in the textile field, medical field, etc.
3. Dyeing:
Spandex is also difficult to dye, but now it can be dyed through spandex Colorants are dyed with acid dyes.
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