In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s understanding and use of materials have developed towards multifunctionalization, and the same is true for the textile industry. Today, when functional and environmentally friendly textiles have become the mainstream of the world’s textile market today, the development and research of functional textiles has expanded to many fields, among which the application of nanomaterials is one of them. Natural fiber fabrics are very popular among consumers because of their comfort, but cotton fabrics themselves have some disadvantages. For example, under suitable conditions, some pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Candida albicans are on cotton fabrics. The presence of the body has been prolonged, especially the environment where some underwear and underwear are easily breeding bacteria, and they use the human body’s metabolites as nutrients to reproduce rapidly, releasing a disgusting odor. In addition, they can discolor and moldy cotton products, induce various skin diseases and endanger human health. Since some inorganic materials have superior antibacterial functions after being made into nanoscale, and nanofunctional materials are heat-resistant, non-toxic and have strong stability, nanomaterials are first selected as new antibacterial finishing agents to replace toxicity to the human body. and irritating antibacterial agents have become an important direction for the development of green functional textiles.
At present, there are three main methods of applying nanoparticles to textiles that are being studied and applied at home and abroad: (a) blended spinning method (b) post-organization method: suction method, coating method and dipping method: Method (c) Grafting method. However, to this day, the application of nanopowders in textiles is still a developing technology, because nanoparticles have great surfactivity, are prone to agglomeration, and are not easy to bind and fix with fiber materials. Therefore, how to uniformly disperse nanoparticles on textiles and achieve a firm combination of nanoparticles and fibers is a key technology for the development and application of nanofunctional textiles.
This paper uses adhesive to apply nano powders TiO2 and ZnO to cotton fabrics, and their dispersion, antibacteriality and the synergistic effects of their complexes are studied.
2 Experimental part
2·1 Experimental materials and instruments
2·1·1 Raw materials and reagents
Nano ZnO and nanoTiO2 (Jiangsu Hehai Nano Technology Co., Ltd.); Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate (Tianjin Chemical Reagent Factory No. 6); sodium oligomeric acrylate (Shanghai Changfeng Chemical Factory); binder and penetrant for dyeing JFS (Yantai Sanhe Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd.).
2·1·2 Fabric Specifications
Pretreated cotton fabric: Specifications 40/40×133×72.
2·1·3 Experimental Instruments
Ultrasonic Washer SK5200H (Shanghai Kedao Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd.) 85-2 Constant Temperature Magnetic Agitator (Changzhou Guohua Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.); HH Digital Display Constant Temperature Water Bath Pot (Honghua Instrument Factory, Jintan City, Jiangsu Province); EL-400 vertical pneumatic small rolling truck (Shanghai Langgao Textile Equipment Co., Ltd.);Electronic balance (Beijing Saidolis Balance Co., Ltd.); pH 25 acidity meter (Shanghai Hongyi Instrument Factory).
2·2 Dispersibility experiment of nano powder
2·2·1 Selection of the best dispersant and pH
Add 0.10g of equal amount of dispersant (sodium polyacrylate, hexametaphosphate acid Sodium, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium silicate) were added to a beaker containing 100mL of distilled water. Each dispersant was mixed with six parts of solution. After stirring evenly, the pH value was accurately adjusted to make the same dispersant. The pH value of the solution is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in turn. Then, 0.15g nanocomposite powder (ZnO:TiO2=1:1) is added, and oscillated with an ultrasonic cleaner for 1.5h, then 10mL is taken out and put into 10mL. Let stand in the test tube for 7 days and read the volume of the upper clarified liquid.
2·2·2 Selection of the best dispersant amount
Accurately weigh 5 different amounts of sodium polyacrylate and add them to a beaker containing 100mL of distilled water, and then mix them into a water solution of different contents in turn to adjust pH=9, then 0.15g nano powder (ZnO:TiO2=1:1) was added, and oscillated with an ultrasonic cleaner for 1.5h, then 10mL was taken out and placed in a 10mL test tube and let it stand for 7 days, and the volume of the upper clear liquid was read.
2·3 Antibacterial finishing process of cotton fabrics
2·3·1 Prescriptions and conditions
2·3·2 Experimental steps
Weigh fifteen pieces of pure weight of 5.0g Cotton samples, prepare nano-finishing liquid according to the prescription of 2·3·1. Each prescription is prepared with five parts of finishing liquid according to Table 1. Then immerse the sample in the finishing liquid, soak it at 45°C for 30min, and then two. Rolling, the rolling balance is 75%. Pre-baked at 80°C for 5 minutes and baked at 160°C for 3 minutes to obtain five pieces of sorting samples of 1#-5#.
Table 1 Mass ratio of nano ZnO and TiO2 used
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- —————
|No.# | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|——–|- —–|——-|——|——|
| ZnO:TiO2| 1:0 | 0:1 | 1:1 | 2:1 | 3:1 |
—————————————————————————————————- —————–
2·4 Antibacterial effect determination
According to textile industry standard FZ/T01021-92, the antibacterial performance test is carried out on cotton fabrics. The strain is Staphylococcus aureus.
2·5 Washing resistance determination
Refer to GB/T8629-2001 Standard, put 2g/L of washing liquid and fabric to be washed into the washing machine, wash according to the 4A program (washing procedure for special fabric finishing) to determine its antibacterial properties.
3 Results and Discussion
3·1 Effect of dispersant and pH on dispersion system
3·1·l Effect of PAA-Na on dispersion of nano powders at different pH values
Table 2 Relationship between volume percentage of the upper layer of the dispersion system and pH value
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|—————|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– –|——|——-|——|
|Clarified liquid volume mL | 10 | 4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | br/> |—————-|———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– |——–|——|
|Volume Percent % | 100 | 40 | 36 | 36 | 16 | 16 |
—– ——————————————————————————————————————————– ——-
3·1·2 Effect of sodium hexametaphosphate on the dispersion of nano powder at different pH values
Table 3 Volume percentage and pH value of the upper layer of the dispersion system Relationship
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- ———|——|——–|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– -|——-|
|Clarified liquid volume mL | 10 | 5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 |
|——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– -|——-|——–|——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– |
|Volume Percent % | 100 | 50 | 32 | 26 | 20 | 18 |
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- 4 The relationship between the volume percentage of the upper layer of the dispersion system and the pH value
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- | 10 |
|—————-|——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— —-|——-|——|
|Clarified liquid volume mL | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8.6 | 5.8 | 2.2 |
|- ————–|——-|—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– —-|——|
|Volume Percent % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 58 | 22 |
——— ——————————————————————————————————————————– —
3·1·4 Effect of sodium silicate on the dispersion of nano powder at different pH values
Table 5 Relationship between the volume percentage of the upper layer of the dispersion system and the pH value
- ——————————————————————————————————————————– ————–
|Dispersible system pH value| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— —-|——|——-|——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————– —|
|Clarified liquid volume mL | 10 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
|————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————- —|——|——-|——-|——-|
| Volume Percent % | 100 | 56 | 38 | 29 | 20 | 16 |
————————————————————————————————————————————- ——-
From Tables 2 to 5, it can be seen that four dispersants, sodium polyacrylate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium silicate, disperses nanopowder water dispersion. The systems all have a stable effect. When the same amount of dispersant is added, the sodium polyacrylate is at pH=9 and pH=l0, the volume percentage of the supernatant of the aqueous dispersion system of the nano powder is small, and the dispersion effect is good. This is because the dispersant forms adsorption on the particle surface. The steric steric hindrance effect is generated and strengthened, so that the steric hindrance repulsion between particles is increased, and at the same time, it also increases the absolute value of the particle surface potential and increases the electrostatic repulsion between particles. Therefore, in the experiment, sodium polyacrylate was used as the dispersant for the nano powder water dispersion system, and this dispersant was used at pH=9. This is because there is no need to over-adjust the pH value of the nano powder water dispersion system during use. Impurity particles will be introduced to the subsequent process.
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